The Shih Tzu is often described as a charming and affectionate companion, but the question of whether this breed is easy to train yields a complex answer. While they possess intelligence that allows them to grasp new commands, their independent nature and tendency toward stubbornness mean they are not automatically receptive to generalized obedience methods. Success relies on understanding their unique psychological makeup and using motivation techniques tailored to their personality.
Understanding the Shih Tzu Temperament
The Shih Tzu’s personality stems from their history as companion dogs in the Chinese Imperial court, bred exclusively for luxury. They were not developed to follow complex commands, which contributes to their independent streak and occasional “selective hearing.” The breed thrives on human attention and affection and is sensitive to the emotional tone of their owners.
Their stubbornness is better understood as a refusal to cooperate when they do not see a personal benefit. Shih Tzus respond poorly to harsh tones or punishment, which can lead to anxiety and hinder the learning process. Training success is intrinsically linked to positive reinforcement, as they are motivated by praise, treats, and the intense bond they form with their family.
They were historically used as alert animals, barking to signal visitors, a trait that remains today. Their focus is centered on companionship, not rigorous obedience. This background necessitates short, fun training sessions that keep them engaged and prevent boredom.
Addressing Key Training Challenges
The most frequently reported difficulty for Shih Tzu owners is housebreaking. This issue is rooted in biological factors, as their small size means they have very small bladders, limiting the time they can physically hold waste. Their low stature also allows them to eliminate in hidden spots without being noticed, making immediate correction difficult.
A common behavioral challenge is excessive alert barking, which stems from their historical function as watchdogs. They are quick to alert their owners to external stimuli like doorbells or passersby. This behavior requires consistent management, often by removing the trigger or teaching an alternative, quiet behavior.
Leash manners also present a challenge due to the breed’s physical characteristics. Their small size can tempt owners to overlook pulling, but this can cause strain on their necks and limbs. Training for loose-leash walking must be gentle, focusing on rewarding non-pulling behavior. Forceful corrections can frighten the dog and impede progress.
Successful Training Techniques
Positive reinforcement is the most effective training method for the sensitive Shih Tzu. This technique involves immediately rewarding desired behaviors with high-value motivators, such as potent treats, enthusiastic praise, or a favorite toy. Avoiding punishment or harsh verbal corrections prevents the dog from becoming fearful or shutting down during the learning process.
Training sessions must be kept short, ideally lasting only five to ten minutes at a time, to accommodate their short attention span. Multiple brief sessions throughout the day are more productive than a single, long session, which risks boredom and mental fatigue. This approach maximizes engagement and allows the dog to maintain focus.
Crate training is a highly recommended tool, particularly for aiding in the difficult process of housebreaking. Because dogs instinctively avoid soiling their sleeping area, a properly sized crate can teach them to hold their bladder for short periods.
This should be complemented by a strict, frequent potty schedule—taking them outside every few hours—and rewarding elimination in the correct spot reinforces the desired habit. Consistency is paramount, requiring all family members to use the same commands and reward system to prevent confusion.