Gummies are a popular and convenient way to consume various compounds, from vitamins to cannabinoids. Many consumers wonder if their effectiveness diminishes over time, especially when purchased in larger quantities. This article explores how gummies lose potency and offers advice for maintaining their quality.
The Reality of Potency Loss
Gummies lose potency over time due to chemical degradation, where active compounds gradually break down. Several factors influence the rate and extent of this loss. While a decrease in potency is common, it generally does not render the gummy harmful, but rather less effective. For instance, some THC gummies can lose around 16% of their potency after one year, even with proper storage.
Key Factors in Degradation
Several environmental factors accelerate the degradation of active ingredients in gummies. Heat is a primary catalyst, as elevated temperatures speed up chemical reactions, causing active compounds to break down more rapidly. Research indicates that storing certain gummies at 70°C (158°F) can reduce their potency by over 50% within 30 days. Light, particularly UV rays, also degrades compounds sensitive to oxidation, which is why many products come in opaque packaging.
Air and oxygen contribute to degradation through oxidation, breaking down active ingredients. Moisture and humidity affect stability, encouraging microbial growth and chemical breakdown. Gummies are hygroscopic, meaning they readily absorb moisture, which can make them sticky or alter their texture. The inherent stability of the active compound itself, alongside other ingredients like acids and sugars, also plays a significant role in how quickly a gummy degrades. Inadequate packaging can expose gummies to these detrimental elements, accelerating potency loss.
Maximizing Shelf Life
Consumers can take several steps to prevent or slow down potency loss. Store gummies in a cool, dark place to counteract the degrading effects of heat and light. Ideal storage temperatures typically range between 60-70°F (15-21°C). Keeping gummies in an airtight container limits their exposure to air and moisture, which are significant contributors to degradation.
It is advisable to keep gummies in their original packaging, as it is designed to protect them from environmental factors. Avoiding extreme temperature fluctuations also helps maintain stability. Some gummies may benefit from refrigeration, especially in warm climates, but check product-specific instructions and ensure they are in airtight containers to prevent moisture absorption. Freezing can extend shelf life but may alter the gummy’s texture.
What Happens When Potency Fades
When gummies lose potency, consumers experience reduced efficacy. Desired effects, such as a vitamin boost or relaxation, will be diminished or entirely absent. For example, THC in gummies can convert to cannabinol (CBN) over time, which has different, often sleep-inducing, effects and lacks the original psychoactive potency.
Generally, a loss of potency does not make the gummy dangerous or toxic, provided there are no signs of spoilage. Consumers should inspect gummies for unusual smells, textures, or visible mold, as these indicate spoilage beyond just potency loss and could pose health risks. Expiration dates primarily serve as a guide for optimal potency and quality, not necessarily as a strict safety deadline. While consuming gummies past their “best by” date might result in a less effective or less palatable product, it is usually not harmful unless spoilage is evident.