Catnip, scientifically known as Nepeta cataria, is a perennial herb belonging to the mint family, Lamiaceae. It is most famous for the temporary euphoric or sedative effect its volatile oil has on felines. While the plant is easy to establish and maintain, understanding its cultivation requirements is important for successful growth. Growing catnip ensures a fresh supply of this aromatic herb for household pets.
Propagation Methods for Catnip
Gardeners have three primary methods for introducing Nepeta cataria into their landscape. Starting catnip from seed requires cold stratification, which mimics winter conditions and signals the seed to germinate. Seeds should be kept at cool temperatures, often mixed with moist sand or peat, for several weeks before being sown indoors six to eight weeks prior to the last expected frost.
Propagating from stem cuttings is effective once an established plant is available. A four-to-six-inch segment of a non-flowering stem can be rooted directly in water or a moist potting mix within a few weeks. The quickest path is purchasing small nursery starts, which allows the plant to be immediately placed in the garden for fast development.
Environmental Needs for Healthy Growth
Selecting the right location ensures a robust catnip plant. The herb performs best when it receives full sun, though it tolerates partial shade. Increased exposure to sunlight directly correlates with a higher concentration of the active compound nepetalactone, which is responsible for the feline attraction.
Catnip is not demanding regarding soil quality and thrives in average to poor conditions. The soil must be well-drained, as soggy roots quickly lead to plant failure. Once established, the plant becomes drought-tolerant, only requiring consistent watering during its initial growth phase. This resilient perennial is hardy across USDA zones 3 through 7.
Routine Maintenance and Containing Spread
Managing the physical growth of catnip is important due to its aggressive spreading nature, common to the mint family. The plant spreads both by underground runners, called rhizomes, and by producing vast quantities of seeds from its small white and purple flowers. Gardeners should implement mitigation strategies such as planting the herb in large containers or using vertical root barriers buried in the ground to restrict lateral spread.
Regular pruning is recommended to encourage a bushier shape and increase foliage density. Removing spent flowers, known as deadheading, is important to prevent prolific self-seeding throughout the garden. Deadheading prevents the plant from becoming invasive. Catnip is resistant to most diseases and insect pests, often benefitting from its strong aromatic properties.
Collecting and Storing Catnip
Catnip should be collected just before the plant begins to flower, as this is when the concentration of the volatile oil nepetalactone is highest in the leaves and stems. Gardeners should use clean shears to cut the stems, leaving approximately six inches of growth above the soil line to ensure quick recovery and future harvests.
The harvested material must be dried properly to preserve its potency for long-term use. Stems should be hung upside down in a cool, dark, and well-ventilated location, allowing moisture to evaporate slowly. Once the leaves are completely dry and brittle, strip them from the stems and store them in an opaque, airtight container away from light and heat.