Installing a Global Positioning System (GPS) device in a vehicle offers benefits ranging from real-time navigation to vehicle tracking for security and fleet management. These units rely on signals from a constellation of orbiting satellites to pinpoint a location on Earth, typically with accuracy within a few meters. The installation process varies significantly depending on whether you choose a simple plug-and-play unit or a permanent, hardwired solution. This guide provides a comprehensive overview of both methods, ensuring a clean and functional installation for your vehicle.
Preparation and Safety Checklist
Before beginning installation, preparation ensures safety and a successful outcome. Disconnect the negative battery terminal using a wrench before touching any wiring in the vehicle. This action prevents accidental electrical shorts that could damage sensitive electronics or cause injury.
Gathering the correct tools streamlines the process. For a hardwired setup, this includes a multimeter or test light for checking circuits, wire strippers, crimpers, a fuse tap kit, and trim removal tools. Trim removal tools are specifically designed to safely pry off interior panels without causing damage.
Select the optimal mounting location for the GPS unit. The device requires a clear, unobstructed view of the sky to maintain a strong signal. Hidden locations like under the dashboard or behind the glove compartment are common, but the device must be positioned away from large metal surfaces that interfere with reception.
The Plug-and-Play Installation
The plug-and-play method is the simplest installation path, typically involving portable navigation units or On-Board Diagnostics II (OBD-II) trackers. This approach requires minimal technical skill and no modification to factory wiring. The OBD-II port, the standard diagnostic connector for vehicles manufactured since 1996, is usually located under the dashboard near the steering column.
Installation involves locating the 16-pin trapezoidal port and firmly inserting the tracker. The OBD-II port provides the device with power and access to vehicle data, such as engine speed and fault codes. Portable navigation units typically receive power via the 12-volt auxiliary power outlet.
Once plugged in, manage visible wires for a clean appearance and safe operation. Route wires along the dashboard edges or tuck them into interior trim seams. Use adhesive clips or zip ties to secure the cable, preventing interference with the driver’s pedals or controls.
The Hardwired Installation Process
A hardwired installation provides a permanent, hidden solution ideal for long-term tracking. It draws power directly from the vehicle’s electrical system.
Routing Wires
Start by routing the power and ground wires from the device’s location to the vehicle’s fuse box, often located under the dash. Use plastic trim removal tools to gently unclip interior panels and kick plates. Tuck the wires neatly behind the trim, down the A-pillar, and away from moving parts or sharp edges.
Identifying Power Sources
Identifying the correct power source requires using a multimeter set to measure DC voltage, typically on the 20-volt range. Connect the multimeter’s black probe to a bare metal grounding point on the chassis, and use the red probe to test the metal contact points on the fuses.
To locate an ignition-switched fuse (for devices operating only when the vehicle is running), find a circuit that shows approximately 12 volts only when the ignition is in the “on” or “accessory” position.
For a constant power source (necessary for continuous tracking when the vehicle is off), perform the test with the ignition completely off and the key removed. A constant fuse will show 12 volts regardless of the ignition switch position. Select a fuse for a non-essential circuit, such as the radio, to avoid interfering with safety systems.
Making Electrical Connections
Connect to the fuse box using a fuse tap, also known as an add-a-circuit, which integrates the new circuit without cutting factory wiring. The fuse tap inserts into the identified fuse slot and holds two fuses: the original fuse for the vehicle’s circuit and a new, lower-amperage fuse for the GPS device. This dual-fuse setup protects the GPS unit while maintaining the vehicle’s original circuit protection.
Secure the ground wire, typically black, to a clean, unpainted metal surface of the vehicle’s chassis. Use a ring terminal crimped onto the ground wire and secure it under an existing metal bolt fastened to the frame. A secure ground connection is necessary to complete the electrical circuit and ensure reliable function.
Securing and Testing the Device
Once wiring connections are complete, finalize the installation by securing the device and reassembling the interior. Firmly mount the GPS unit in its hidden location using zip ties or strong double-sided adhesive tape to prevent movement from vehicle vibration. Neatly bundle all excess wiring with zip ties and tuck it behind trim panels to prevent rattling and ensure a professional finish.
Carefully snap the removed interior trim panels, kick plates, and dashboard covers back into place, ensuring all clips align correctly. After reassembly, reconnect the negative battery terminal to restore power and energize the GPS device.
Test the device’s functionality immediately. Start the vehicle to verify the unit powers on correctly, especially if connected to an ignition-switched circuit. Check the associated mobile application or web platform to confirm it is receiving a strong GPS signal and accurately reporting the vehicle’s location. If the device fails to power on, the first troubleshooting step is to check the fuse tap connection and the new fuse for the GPS unit.