Wood shavings are a common material used in chicken coops, providing a comfortable floor covering and aiding in moisture and odor control. Aromatic cedar shavings are often considered due to their pleasant scent and reputed pest-repelling qualities. Despite these perceived benefits, there is considerable concern regarding the safety of using this wood with poultry. This article investigates the potential health risks associated with aromatic cedar and distinguishes between different forms of cedar exposure to help chicken keepers make informed choices.
The Respiratory Risks of Aromatic Cedar Shavings
Aromatic cedar, particularly when shredded into fine shavings, releases volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that pose a health concern for chickens. These natural compounds, which give cedar its strong aroma, are toxic when concentrated in the enclosed environment of a coop. The primary hazardous substance released is plicatic acid, which irritates the delicate respiratory systems of birds.
Inhaling plicatic acid damages the cells lining the airways and lungs, potentially leading to long-term respiratory distress. Fine dust in the shavings exacerbates these issues, delivering toxins deep into the respiratory tract. Continuous exposure to these airborne irritants can manifest as coughing, wheezing, and difficulty breathing.
The aromatic compounds, including terpene hydrocarbons and phenols, are absorbed through the respiratory tract and enter the bloodstream. These substances stress the liver, suggesting a risk of damage over time, and compromise overall immune function. Chicks are particularly susceptible because their respiratory and immune systems are still developing.
While a well-ventilated coop can slightly reduce the concentration of these VOCs, the close contact chickens have with the bedding material makes prolonged exposure unavoidable.
Safety Profile of Cedar Lumber and Mulch
The health concerns associated with cedar are primarily linked to the fine, fresh shavings used as bedding material. Cedar lumber, which is frequently used for coop construction, presents a much lower risk to poultry. Once the wood is aged, dried, and milled into boards, the release of volatile organic compounds is significantly reduced compared to fresh shavings.
The main reason cedar is a popular construction material is its natural resistance to rot, decay, and insects. In this structural form, the oils are locked within the wood fibers, and the surface area for off-gassing is minimal. Using cedar lumber for construction is a safe and long-lasting choice for the coop’s frame or walls.
Cedar mulch, often used as ground cover in outdoor chicken runs, also represents a different exposure scenario than bedding. Mulch consists of larger chips, which naturally reduces the amount of fine dust that can become airborne and inhaled.
Because the run is an outdoor, highly ventilated space, any released aromatic compounds disperse quickly into the environment. Chickens are not constantly confined directly above the mulch, making the exposure less intense and less direct to the respiratory system. To minimize any risk, ensure the mulch is well-aged and aired out before placing it in the run.
Recommended Safe Bedding Materials
To avoid the respiratory and liver risks associated with aromatic cedar, keepers should choose non-toxic, low-dust alternatives for coop bedding.
- Kiln-dried pine shavings are widely available and economical, offering good absorbency and a mild scent. The kiln-drying process removes the harmful VOCs and sap found in fresh pine, making these shavings safe for poultry use.
- Straw, particularly wheat or barley straw, is a classic choice that provides excellent insulation for winter comfort. Chopped straw is more effective than whole straw, as it is more absorbent and breaks down into compostable material easily.
- Sand is another safe alternative, especially in warmer climates, due to its ability to dry quickly and reduce odor. Construction-grade or river sand is preferred, as it is coarse and less dusty than fine play sand.
- Hemp bedding is gaining popularity as it is highly absorbent and naturally resistant to mold and mildew. Hemp is known to have low dust content and provides good insulation, though it is often a more expensive choice.