Honeysuckle, belonging to the genus Lonicera, is a group of plants widely cultivated in home gardens and landscapes. These flowering vines and shrubs are prized for their sweet fragrance and attractive tubular blossoms, making them a common sight in yards and on fences or trellises. Because of their prevalence, dog owners often question their safety, especially if pets explore the garden. Understanding the plant’s potential effects on canine health is important.
Understanding Honeysuckle Toxicity
Honeysuckle is toxic to dogs, and the severity of the reaction depends on the species, the amount consumed, and the part of the plant ingested. The danger comes from naturally occurring chemical compounds classified as glycosides, primarily saponins and cyanogenic glycosides. These toxins interfere with normal bodily functions.
The concentration of these harmful substances varies across the plant. The brightly colored berries are the most problematic part, containing a higher concentration of saponins, especially in varieties like European honeysuckle (Lonicera periclymenum). However, the leaves, stems, and vine of many species, including Japanese honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica), also contain these compounds. Saponins irritate the gastrointestinal tract, while cyanogenic glycosides can release cyanide into the system upon ingestion.
Signs of Poisoning in Dogs
Signs of poisoning typically begin with gastrointestinal distress caused by the irritating saponins. Initial symptoms often include vomiting and persistent diarrhea. Owners may also observe excessive drooling, a decreased appetite, or signs of abdominal pain. These gastrointestinal issues are the most common presentation of honeysuckle exposure.
Consuming larger quantities or certain species can lead to more serious systemic effects. A dog might exhibit lethargy and overall weakness. More concerning signs involve the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, such as a rapid heart rate or difficulty breathing. In severe cases, neurological signs like tremors, dilated pupils, or collapse can occur, requiring immediate action.
Immediate Action and Prevention Strategies
If a dog is suspected of eating honeysuckle, the owner should immediately contact a veterinarian or a specialized animal poison control center, such as the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center. Provide details about the specific type of honeysuckle, the part consumed (berries or leaves), and the estimated quantity ingested.
Do not attempt to treat the dog at home or induce vomiting unless specifically instructed by a veterinary professional. Inducing vomiting can cause more harm than good depending on the toxin and the dog’s condition. While waiting for instructions, remove any remaining plant material to prevent further consumption.
Proactive measures are the most effective way to ensure safety. Remove Lonicera species from areas accessible to pets or use fencing to block off the plants. Supervising dogs outdoors, especially where wild honeysuckle is common, reduces the risk of accidental ingestion.