A cat treat is a small, palatable food item given primarily for pleasure, bonding, or as a reward during training, but it is not formulated to be a complete and balanced source of nutrition. Treats must be limited to ensure the cat receives proper nutrition from their main food source. A general guideline is that treats should account for no more than 10% of a cat’s total daily caloric intake.
Understanding Commercial Cat Treats
Commercial treats are available in a variety of textures, which often dictates their purpose and suitability for a cat. Crunchy, kibble-like treats are popular and provide a satisfying texture that many cats enjoy. Soft or chewy treats are easier to consume, making them a better option for senior cats or those with sensitive teeth or dental issues. Freeze-dried treats are minimally processed and often consist of a single-source protein, which can be beneficial for cats with food sensitivities or allergies.
When evaluating commercial options, the ingredient list is more informative than marketing claims. Look for treats that list a high-quality, identifiable animal protein, such as chicken, salmon, or turkey, as the first ingredient. Since cats are obligate carnivores, their nutritional needs are best met by animal-based ingredients. Avoid treats that contain excessive artificial colors, chemical preservatives, or large amounts of carbohydrate fillers like corn, wheat, or soy.
The Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) statement on the packaging is important to check. Most treats will be labeled “for intermittent or supplemental feeding only.” This label reinforces the need to limit the quantity of treats given daily. A “Guaranteed Analysis” will also provide the minimum percentages of crude protein and fat, and the maximum percentages of crude fiber and moisture.
Safe and Unsafe Human Foods as Treats
Certain human foods can be offered as safe, unseasoned indulgences. Cooked, plain meats like chicken, turkey, or lean beef are excellent choices, providing the high-quality animal protein cats require. Small amounts of cooked fish, such as salmon or tuna packed in water, should be limited due to the potential for mercury exposure. Plain scrambled eggs, cooked without butter or oil, are another protein-rich option.
Many common human foods are toxic to cats and must be avoided. Onions, garlic, chives, and leeks, even in powdered form, contain N-propyl disulfide, which can damage red blood cells and lead to anemia. Chocolate contains the stimulant theobromine, which cats metabolize slowly, making it toxic. Grapes and raisins can cause acute kidney failure, though the exact toxic agent is not fully understood.
Most adult cats are lactose intolerant because they lack the enzyme lactase needed to break down milk sugar. Consuming dairy products can lead to digestive upset, including vomiting and diarrhea. Other dangerous items include raw yeast dough, which can expand in the stomach and produce intoxicating ethanol. Products sweetened with xylitol are also toxic and can cause a rapid drop in blood sugar.
Functional Treats for Specific Needs
Some treats are formulated to provide a specific health benefit. Dental treats are designed with a unique shape or a slightly abrasive, porous texture to help mechanically scrub the surface of the teeth as the cat chews. This action can help reduce the accumulation of plaque and tartar. Some dental treats carry the Veterinary Oral Health Council (VOHC) seal, indicating they meet a standard for plaque or tartar control.
Hairball control treats often contain a source of fiber (such as cellulose) or a mild lubricant (like mineral oil or petroleum jelly). These ingredients help ingested hair pass more easily through the digestive tract, reducing regurgitation. Other functional treats are fortified with supplemental ingredients to support overall wellness. These may include omega-3 fatty acids from fish oil to promote healthy skin and a glossy coat.
Treats containing supplements like glucosamine and chondroitin are marketed for joint support, particularly for older cats. While these treats contribute to a cat’s intake of beneficial compounds, they should not replace veterinary-prescribed medications or supplements. Always discuss the use of any supplemental treat with a veterinarian to ensure it is appropriate for the cat’s specific health condition.
Guidelines for Healthy Treating
Adhering to the 10% caloric limit is necessary to prevent weight gain and nutritional imbalance. For an average adult cat requiring about 200 to 250 calories per day, treats should not exceed 20 to 25 calories. To maintain this balance, the cat’s main meal portion must be slightly reduced to account for the calories provided by the treats. Failure to adjust the main diet can quickly lead to a caloric surplus and obesity.
Treats are effective tools for positive reinforcement and strengthening the bond between a cat and its owner. They can be used to reward desired behaviors, such as using a scratching post or tolerating a nail trim. Using treats during training sessions, especially when teaching a cat to enter a carrier, can create a positive association with an otherwise stressful experience. Treats should be stored in an airtight container in a cool, dry place to maintain freshness and prevent spoilage.
If a cat is currently on a weight management plan or a prescription diet for a medical condition, it is necessary to consult a veterinarian before introducing any treats. Even low-calorie treats can disrupt the delicate balance of a therapeutic diet. Furthermore, if a cat experiences digestive upset, such as vomiting or diarrhea, after consuming a new treat, it should be discontinued immediately.