Putting silk in a clothes dryer is damaging. Silk is a natural protein fiber, similar to human hair, which makes it extremely sensitive to the high heat and mechanical tumbling action of a dryer. This harsh environment causes damage to the fabric’s structure. The consequences of machine drying silk fall into three main categories: a change in size, a degradation of texture, and a loss of its signature appearance.
The Immediate Damage: Shrinkage, Stiffness, and Dullness
The most noticeable consequence of drying silk is significant shrinkage, which can reduce the garment’s size by 10 to 15% in a single cycle. This contraction occurs because the heat forces the protein molecules within the fibers to tighten, resulting in a garment that is noticeably smaller and misshapen. The fabric’s signature smooth, fluid drape is also destroyed, replaced by a stiff, rigid, or even “crunchy” texture.
The fibers lose their supple hand-feel, becoming rough and coarse against the skin. The appearance of the silk also suffers. The triangular, prism-like structure of the silk fiber naturally refracts light to create its luxurious sheen. High heat and agitation disrupt this structure, causing the fabric to lose its natural luster and appear dull, matte, or faded.
Why the Dryer is the Enemy of Silk
The damage to silk is rooted in its composition as a protein fiber. These long chains of amino acids are held together by hydrogen bonds that are highly susceptible to heat and moisture. The combination of high temperature and residual moisture in the dryer causes these bonds to break and reform in a contracted state, which is the direct cause of both shrinkage and stiffness.
The mechanical tumbling action of the dryer also contributes to damage. Constant agitation creates friction between the silk and the dryer drum or other clothing, which weakens the fibers. This friction often leads to snags, pilling, and the formation of small holes. Even a low-heat or “air fluff” setting can be detrimental, as the tumbling alone is enough to cause fiber damage and a loss of the fabric’s smooth surface.
How to Rescue and Safely Dry Silk
If a silk item has been accidentally dried, immediate action can sometimes mitigate the damage. To relax the contracted fibers, the garment should be soaked in cool water mixed with a mild conditioner, such as baby shampoo or a solution of one-quarter cup of white vinegar per gallon of water. After soaking for about 30 minutes, the item should be rinsed thoroughly with cool water.
While the silk is still damp, the process of “blocking” or gentle stretching can begin. Carefully pull the garment back toward its original shape and size, working slowly to avoid tearing the weakened fibers. Lay the reshaped item flat on a clean, absorbent towel to air-dry. A mild white vinegar rinse can also help restore some of the lost luster by dissolving any residual detergent buildup.
Air drying is the safest method for silk. After washing, excess water should be removed by laying the item flat on a clean towel and rolling the towel up to gently press out the moisture. Never wring or twist the silk, as this can permanently damage the fibers. The silk should then be laid flat on a drying rack or hung on a padded hanger if the item is light enough to prevent stretching. Always ensure the silk is kept out of direct sunlight and away from direct heat sources like radiators, as both can cause fading and fiber damage.