Egypt offers a unique journey through ancient history and vibrant modern life, but a successful trip requires careful consideration of its extreme desert climate and deep-rooted cultural norms. The intense sun and dry heat, especially in the southern regions, necessitate protective measures against dehydration and overexposure. Simultaneously, the predominantly conservative society means that clothing choices must balance comfort with respect for local traditions, particularly outside of coastal resorts. Preparing a thoughtful packing list that addresses these dual needs—climate and culture—will enhance the travel experience significantly.
Clothing for Climate and Culture
The Egyptian climate, characterized by intense heat and dry air, mandates a strategic approach to clothing choices. Fabrics like linen and light cotton are highly recommended because their natural fibers promote airflow and facilitate evaporative cooling, which helps regulate body temperature under the desert sun. Selecting light-colored garments is also beneficial as they reflect solar radiation more effectively than darker colors, reducing heat absorption.
Cultural sensitivity is a major consideration, making modest dress a sign of respect, especially when visiting non-tourist areas or religious sites like mosques. For both men and women, clothing should cover the shoulders and knees, with women often finding loose-fitting trousers, maxi skirts, or dresses to be the most comfortable and appropriate options. Carrying a lightweight scarf or shawl is advisable for women, as it can be used to cover the hair and shoulders when entering a mosque, which is often a requirement.
While resorts along the Red Sea and hotel pools have relaxed standards where typical Western beach attire is acceptable, the general rule of modesty applies when sightseeing in cities like Cairo or Luxor. Long-sleeved, loose shirts are actually more effective than tank tops for keeping cool, as they shield the skin from direct sun and allow air to circulate. Furthermore, covering the skin minimizes the need for excessive sunscreen application on large areas of the body.
Footwear should prioritize comfort and durability, as sightseeing involves extensive walking across uneven, dusty terrain at archaeological sites. Sturdy, closed-toe walking shoes or breathable sneakers are recommended for maximum support and protection from dust. Sandals are suitable for hotel areas, Nile cruises, or casual evenings, but they offer little protection against the elements encountered during daytime excursions.
Health and Comfort Essentials
The intense Egyptian sun makes protection against ultraviolet radiation a necessity, requiring a high-SPF sunscreen of 30 or higher, which should be reapplied frequently, especially after sweating. A wide-brimmed hat provides shade for the face and neck, reducing the direct solar load and the risk of heatstroke. Sunglasses with UV protection are also important to guard against the intense glare reflected off the sand and historical stone structures.
Maintaining proper hydration is a major challenge in the dry heat, as the body can lose water quickly. Drinking only bottled water is strongly advised. Travelers should carry oral rehydration salts to quickly replenish electrolytes lost through sweating or a potential bout of traveler’s diarrhea. Consistent fluid intake is a major preventative measure against heat exhaustion.
Gastrointestinal issues, commonly referred to as “Pharaoh’s Revenge,” are a frequent concern for travelers, making a small supply of anti-diarrhea medication and a broad-spectrum antibiotic a prudent inclusion in any medical kit. Pack necessary prescription medications in their original containers, along with over-the-counter pain relievers and basic first aid items like antiseptic wipes and blister plasters. Hand sanitizer is an important hygiene tool for cleaning hands before eating, especially when soap and water are not readily available.
Precautions against insect bites are necessary, particularly near the Nile River and in the evening hours when mosquitoes are most active. An insect repellent containing active ingredients like DEET or picaridin provides effective protection against bites, which can also carry diseases like Dengue fever in some coastal areas. Wearing long sleeves and trousers after sunset can provide a physical barrier against biting insects.
Travel Logistics and Essential Gear
Ensuring all necessary documentation is in order is essential, including a current passport with adequate validity and a printed copy of the required visa, which can often be obtained upon arrival at major airports. Carrying digital and physical copies of your passport, visa, and travel insurance policy is a good security measure in case the originals are lost or stolen. Organize these documents in a dedicated travel wallet or folder for easy access at border control and hotel check-ins.
The official currency is the Egyptian Pound (EGP). While major cities and tourist venues accept credit cards, carrying cash is recommended for smaller transactions, taxis, or purchases in local markets. Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) are widely available in urban centers, but handle currency exchange at reputable banks or exchange offices rather than unofficial vendors. A safe, secure method for carrying money, such as a cross-body bag or a money belt worn under clothing, is advisable for crowded areas.
Electronic devices will require attention to power compatibility, as Egypt operates on a 220V standard with a 50Hz frequency. Most modern electronics are dual-voltage, but older devices or those from countries with 110V systems will require a voltage converter to prevent damage. The electrical sockets primarily use Type C and Type F plugs, so a simple plug adapter or a universal travel adapter is necessary to connect devices to the wall outlets.
A portable power bank ensures that smartphones, cameras, and other small devices remain charged during long days of sightseeing when wall outlets are inaccessible. Luggage security can be enhanced with TSA-approved locks on checked bags. A small cable lock can also be used to secure daypacks to immovable objects in crowded cafes or on public transport. These measures help mitigate opportunistic theft.