A cat’s squinting eyes can be confusing, as the gesture signals two opposite things. This narrowing of the eyes may be a display of trust and affection, often called a “cat kiss.” Conversely, a persistent squint is an involuntary reflex indicating physical discomfort or pain. Understanding the context and accompanying body language determines whether your cat is sending a loving message or signaling a medical concern.
The Slow Blink: A Sign of Trust and Affection
The affectionate squint is known as the “slow blink,” a deliberate, non-threatening gesture that communicates contentment and safety. In the feline world, an unbroken stare is perceived as a challenge or a threat. The slow closure of the eyes signals that the cat feels secure enough to let its guard down in your presence. This behavior is a visual statement of non-aggression, strengthening the bond between a cat and its human companion.
Scientific studies confirm the slow blink is a positive form of cat-human communication. Research found that cats were more likely to slow-blink back at their owners when the owners initiated the gesture. Cats were also more likely to approach a stranger who offered a slow blink compared to one who maintained a neutral expression. This suggests the gesture is a recognized signal of positive intent, functioning as a feline “smile” or “kiss” that promotes social bonding.
When the squint is affectionate, it is performed with a relaxed posture, often while the cat is purring or resting comfortably. The movement involves a slow, partial, or complete closure of both eyelids, lasting longer than half a second. Owners can reciprocate this gesture by slowly narrowing their own eyes and then closing them for a moment. This communicates affection back to the cat.
Squinting as a Sign of Pain or Irritation
A squint that is not a slow blink is often a reflex to pain or irritation, medically termed blepharospasm. This involuntary spasmodic closure of the eyelid is a protective mechanism. The cat attempts to shield the eye from light, foreign objects, or further damage. Unlike the slow blink, this closure is persistent, rapid, or appears as if the cat cannot fully open the eye.
One common cause of blepharospasm is the presence of a foreign object, such as dust, hair, or plant debris, causing immediate discomfort. Eye injuries, including scratches or corneal ulcers, also trigger this painful reflex. Infections are another frequent cause, particularly conjunctivitis (inflammation of the pink membrane surrounding the eye) or viral infections like feline herpesvirus.
This concerning type of squint is frequently unilateral, meaning it affects only one eye. This distinguishes it from the bilateral, affectionate slow blink. Inflammation of the eyelid, known as blepharitis, can also cause this involuntary closure, often accompanied by redness and swelling. Any persistent squinting not part of a relaxed, slow-blink exchange signals physical distress.
Telling the Difference and When to Call the Vet
Distinguishing between an affectionate slow blink and a painful squint requires observing the cat’s overall demeanor and looking for specific symptoms. An affectionate squint is deliberate, slow, and occurs when the cat is relaxed, often involving both eyes. A concerning squint, however, is involuntary, persistent, and may be limited to a single eye.
A painful squint is often accompanied by other symptoms indicating a medical problem. These signs include excessive tearing, redness or swelling around the eye, and discharge (clear, mucoid, or pus). The cat may also paw or rub at the affected eye, exhibit sensitivity to light (photophobia), or show general signs of illness like lethargy or loss of appetite.
Any persistent squinting, especially if it affects only one eye or is accompanied by discharge or redness, requires prompt veterinary attention. Eye issues can escalate quickly. Conditions like corneal ulcers or glaucoma are painful and can lead to vision loss if not treated immediately. A veterinarian can perform a thorough examination, often using specialized stains, to accurately diagnose the underlying cause and provide appropriate treatment.