Ear licking is a common canine behavior that serves several purposes, ranging from practical hygiene to social communication. Understanding the context of this behavior provides insight into the relationship dynamics between dogs.
Grooming and Hygiene
One straightforward explanation for this behavior is mutual grooming, known as allogrooming. While dogs are adept at keeping themselves clean, certain areas of the body are physically inaccessible. The inside of the ear flap and the entrance to the ear canal are difficult for a dog to reach with its own paws or tongue.
A dog will often help a companion by using its tongue to remove dirt, debris, or excess earwax. This act is a practical way for dogs to maintain hygiene, rooted in ancestral pack life where mutual care kept the group healthy. The dog being licked often remains still, indicating acceptance of this cooperative gesture.
Social Bonding and Affection
Beyond simple cleaning, ear licking expresses social connection and affection between dogs. This behavior is learned early in life, as mother dogs frequently lick their puppies to clean them, stimulate bodily functions, and provide comfort. This maternal care establishes licking as a positive, nurturing action that dogs carry into adulthood.
When adult dogs engage in ear licking, it releases hormones like oxytocin, strengthening the emotional bond between them. This intimate grooming demonstrates trust and friendship, reinforcing their relationship and security. It is a non-verbal way for dogs to show they care.
Appeasement and Communication
Ear licking also functions as a form of social signaling, particularly in situations involving hierarchy or tension. A dog may lick the ear of a more dominant dog as an appeasement gesture. This action communicates deference and respect, signaling, “I mean no harm” to the other dog.
This submissive behavior helps reduce conflict and maintain social order within a multi-dog group. The dog performing the lick may lower its body or exhibit other signs of deference. This action helps dogs navigate their social world peacefully.
When Licking Signals a Problem
While usually a normal social behavior, excessive or sudden interest in another dog’s ear can signal an underlying issue. Dogs possess an exceptional sense of smell and can detect subtle changes in odor. If a dog suddenly becomes obsessed with licking a companion’s ear, it may be detecting the presence of an infection, yeast, or excessive wax buildup.
The dog being licked may have an ear infection that produces a distinct odor or taste that attracts the licker. Furthermore, the constant moisture from excessive licking can create a warm, damp environment inside the ear, promoting the growth of bacteria and yeast. If the licking is compulsive, causes irritation, or the licked dog shows signs of pain, a veterinary check-up is warranted to rule out a medical problem.